níquel — Ni
El elemento químico níquel es un elemento de tipo Metal de transición y símbolo Ni. Tiene una masa atómica de 58.6934 u y una configuración electrónica [Ar] 3d8 4s2.
Synthétique
Radioactif
Liquide
Gaz
1453°
2732°
2732°
58.6934
28
-1
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Ni
2
8
16
2
8
16
2
[Ar] 3d8 4s2
1.91
7.6398
Diagrama de configuración electrónica
características
- Número atómico
- 28
- Masa atómica
- 58.6934
- Símbolo
- Ni
- Punto de fusión
- 1453
- Punto de ebullición
- 2732
- Densidad
- 8.912
- Período
- 4
- Grupo
- 10
- Descubrimiento
- 1751 Cronstedt
- Abundancia
- 84
- Radio
- 1.6
- Electronegatividad
- 1.91
- Ionización
- 7.6398
- Isótopo
- 11
- Configuración electrónica
- [Ar] 3d8 4s2
- Estado de oxidación
- -1,1,2,3,4
- Electrón
- 2,8,16,2
El níquel es un elemento químico metálico que tiene el símbolo Ni y el número atómico 28. Se encuentra en el grupo 10 de los metales de transición en la tabla periódica de elementos. Es el quinto elemento más abundante en la corteza terrestre. El níquel es un metal de color blanco plateado que tiene una estructura cristalina cúbica. Es blando y dúctil a temperatura ambiente y muy dúctil en caliente. Se puede perforar, estirar y moldear en formas específicas.
El níquel tiene una dureza de 5 a 6 en la escala de Mohs y un punto de fusión de 1453°C. Es un metal magnético. El níquel se combina fácilmente con otros elementos, formando aleaciones, especialmente acero inoxidable y aleaciones de aluminio, así como aleaciones que contienen cobalto y cromo.
El níquel se utiliza en muchas aplicaciones industriales, incluidas la mecánica, la electrónica y la metalurgia. A menudo se utiliza para galvanizar metales y prevenir la corrosión. También se usa ampliamente en las industrias automotriz, aeronáutica y siderúrgica, y se usa en piezas de automóviles, turbinas de gas y motores aeronáuticos. El níquel también se usa en productos como utensilios de cocina y hornos, y en la industria de la joyería.
Minerales que contienen níquel
| nombre | Dureza | Densidad | Fórmula química |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abelsonite | — | 1.45 | NiC31H32N4 |
| Aerugite | — | 5.85 | Ni8.5(AsO4)2As5+O8 |
| Ahlfeldite | — | 3.37 | NiSeO3·2H2O |
| Akaganeite | — | 3.00 | (Fe3+,Ni2+)8(OH,O)16Cl1.25·nH2O |
| Allabogdanite | — | 7.11 | (Fe,Ni)2P |
| Alvanite | — | 2.41 | (Zn,Ni)Al4(VO3)2(OH)12·2H2O |
| Andreyivanovite | — | 0.00 | FeCrP |
| Ankinovichite | — | 2.48 | NiAl4(V5+O3)2(OH)12·2H2O |
| Annabergite | — | 3.00 | Ni3(AsO4)2·8H2O |
| Antitaenite | — | 0.00 | (Ni,Fe) |
| Aplowite | — | 2.33 | CoSO4·4H2O |
| Argentopentlandite | — | 4.00 | Ag(Fe,Ni)8S8 |
| Arhbarite | — | 0.00 | Cu2MgAsO4(OH)3 |
| Arsenohauchecornite | — | 6.35 | Ni18Bi3AsS16 |
| Arupite | — | 2.00 | Ni3(PO4)2·8H2O |
| Asbolane | — | 0.00 | Mn4+(O,OH)2·(Co,Ni,Mg,Ca)x(OH)2x·nH2O |
| Awaruite | — | 8.00 | Ni3Fe |
| Barringerite | — | 6.92 | (Fe,Ni)2P |
| Bismutohauchecornite | — | 6.00 | Ni9Bi2S8 |
| Bonaccordite | — | 5.17 | Ni2Fe3+O2(BO3) |
| Bottinoite | — | 2.83 | Ni2+Sb5+2(OH)12·6H2O |
| Bouazzerite | — | 2.81 | Bi6(Mg,Co)11Fe14(AsO4)18O12(OH)4·86H2O |
| Braggite | — | 10.00 | PtS |
| Breithauptite | — | 8.23 | NiSb |
| Brindleyite | — | 3.17 | (Ni,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 |
| Bunsenite | — | 6.40 | NiO |
| Burgessite | — | 2.93 | Co2(H2O)4(AsO3OH)2·H2O |
| Butianite | — | 0.00 | Ni6SnS2 |
| campo del cielo | — | 7.80 | FeNi |
| Carrboydite | — | 2.50 | (Ni1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x<0.5, n>3x/2) |
| Carrollite | — | 4.50 | CuCo2S4 |
| Cassidyite | — | 3.10 | Ca2Ni(PO4)2·2H2O |
| Chukanovite | — | 3.60 | Fe2CO3(OH)2 |
| Clinosafflorite | — | 7.46 | CoAs2 |
| Cobaltlotharmeyerite | — | 0.00 | CaCo2(AsO4)2·2H2O |
| Cobaltneustädtelite | — | 5.81 | Bi2Fe3+(Co,Fe3+)(AsO4)2(O,OH)4 |
| Cobalttsumcorite | — | 5.31 | PbCo2(AsO4)2·2H2O |
| Cochromite | — | 5.22 | CoCr2O4 |
| Cohenite | — | 7.20 | Fe3C |
| Comblainite | — | 3.05 | Ni4Co3+2CO3(OH)12·3H2O |
| Cooperite | — | 9.50 | PtS |
| Decagonite | — | 0.00 | Al71Ni24Fe5 |
| Dienerite | — | 0.00 | Ni3As |
| Dissakisite-(La) | — | 3.79 | CaLaMgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Djerfisherite | — | 3.00 | K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl |
| Donharrisite | — | 5.00 | Ni8Hg3S9 |
| Droninoite | — | 2.86 | Ni3Fe3+Cl(OH)8·2H2O |
| Dwornikite | — | 3.34 | NiSO4·H2O |
| Dymkovite | — | 0.00 | Ni(UO2)2(As3+O3)2·7H2O |
| Ernienickelite | — | 3.84 | NiMn4+3O7·3H2O |
| Falcondoite | — | 2.54 | Ni4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O |
| Ferhodsite | — | 0.00 | (Fe,Rh,Ni,Ir,Cu,Pt)9S8 |
| Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | — | 0.00 | (Fe,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe)8O15(OH) |
| Ferronickelplatinum | — | 15.39 | Pt2FeNi |
| Ferroskutterudite | — | 0.00 | FeAs3 |
| Fletcherite | — | 4.00 | CuNi2S4 |
| Florenskyite | — | 0.00 | FeTiP |
| Garnièrite | — | 2.60 | (Ni, Mg)3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Garutiite | — | 11.33 | (Ni,Fe,Ir) |
| Gaspéite | — | 3.71 | NiCO3 |
| Gersdorffite-P213 | — | 0.00 | NiAsS |
| Gersdorffite-Pa3 | — | 5.98 | NiAsS |
| Gersdorffite-Pca21 | — | 6.19 | NiAsS |
| Gillardite | — | 0.00 | Cu3NiCl2(OH)6 |
| Glaukosphaerite | — | 3.78 | CuNiCO3(OH)2 |
| Godlevskite | — | 5.27 | (Ni,Fe)9S8 |
| Goldquarryite | — | 2.78 | CuCd2Al3(PO4)4F3·10H2O |
| Guarinoite | — | 2.80 | Zn6SO4(OH)10·5H2O |
| Haapalaite | — | 3.58 | 2[(Fe,Ni)S]·1.61[(Mg,Fe)(OH)2] |
| Halamishite | — | 0.00 | Ni5P4 |
| Hapkeite | — | 0.00 | Fe2Si |
| Hauchecornite | — | 6.36 | Ni9BiSbS8 |
| Haxonite | — | 7.70 | (Fe,Ni)23C6 |
| Heazlewoodite | — | 5.82 | Ni3S2 |
| Hellyerite | — | 1.97 | NiCO3·6H2O |
| Hexamolybdenum | — | 11.90 | (Mo,Ru,Fe,Ir,Os) |
| Hexatestibiopanickelite | — | 8.94 | (Ni,Pd)(Te,Sb) |
| Hloušekite | — | 3.30 | (Ni,Co)Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·9H2O |
| Honessite | — | 0.00 | (Ni1-xFe3+x)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2) |
| Honzaite | — | 0.00 | Ni2(AsO3OH)2·5H2O |
| Horomanite | — | 6.44 | Fe6Ni3S8 |
| Hydrohonessite | — | 2.64 | (Ni1-xFe3+x)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2) |
| Hydrombobomkulite | — | 0.00 | (Ni,Cu)Al4(NO3)2(SO4)(OH)12·14H2O |
| Jamborite | — | 2.67 | Ni2+1-xCo3+x(OH)2-x(SO4)x·nH2O where [x=1/3; n=(1-x)] |
| Jolliffeite | — | 7.10 | NiAsSe |
| Kambaldaite | — | 3.18 | NaNi4(CO3)3(OH)3·3H2O |
| Karpinskite | — | 2.53 | (Mg,Ni)2Si2O5(OH)2(?) |
| Keystoneite | — | 4.40 | H0.8Mg0.8(Ni,Fe3+,Mn)2(Te4+O3)3·5H2O |
| Kharaelakhite | — | 7.78 | (Cu,Pt,Pb,Fe,Ni)9S8 |
| Kitkaite | — | 7.19 | NiTeSe |
| Kolovratite | — | 0.00 | (Ni,Zn)xVO4·nH2O |
| Krutovite | — | 7.00 | NiAs2 |
| Kullerudite | — | 6.72 | NiSe2 |
| Kurumsakite | — | 4.03 | Zn8Al8V5+2Si5O35·27H2O |
| Langisite | — | 8.17 | CoAs |
| Lapieite | — | 4.97 | CuNiSbS3 |
| Lawrencite | — | 3.16 | FeCl2 |
| Liebenbergite | — | 4.60 | Ni2SiO4 |
| Mackinawite | — | 4.00 | (Fe,Ni)1+xS (x = 0-0.07) |
| Majakite | — | 9.33 | PdNiAs |
| Mäkinenite | — | 7.00 | NiSe |
| Maucherite | — | 7.83 | Ni11As8 |
| Mbobomkulite | — | 2.30 | (Ni,Cu)Al4(NO3,SO4)2(OH)12·3H2O |
| Melliniite | — | 7.88 | (Ni,Fe)4P |
| Melonite | — | 7.30 | NiTe2 |
| Menshikovite | — | 10.65 | Pd3Ni2As3 |
| Metarauchite | — | 3.81 | Ni(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O |
| Millerite | — | 5.50 | NiS |
| Monipite | — | 0.00 | MoNiP |
| Moorhouseite | — | 1.97 | CoSO4·6H2O |
| Morenosite | — | 2.00 | NiSO4·7H2O |
| Mountkeithite | — | 2.12 | Mg11Fe3+3(SO4)3.5(OH)24·11H2O |
| Mückeite | — | 5.88 | CuNiBiS3 |
| Nakauriite | — | 2.39 | Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6·48H2O |
| Negevite | — | 0.00 | NiP2 |
| Népouite | — | 2.50 | Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Nichromite | — | 5.24 | NiCr2O4 |
| Nickel | — | 7.80 | Ni |
| Nickelalumite | — | 2.24 | (Ni,Cu2+)Al4(SO4,NO3)(OH)12·3H2O |
| Nickelaustinite | — | 4.30 | CaNiAsO4(OH) |
| Nickelbischofite | — | 1.93 | NiCl2·6H2O |
| Nickelblödite | — | 2.43 | Na2Ni(SO4)2·4H2O |
| Nickelboussingaultite | — | 0.00 | (NH4)2Ni(SO4)2·6H2O |
| Nickelhexahydrite | — | 2.07 | NiSO4·6H2O |
| Nickeline | — | 7.78 | NiAs |
| Nickellotharmeyerite | — | 4.45 | CaNi2(AsO4)2·2H2O |
| Nickelphosphide | — | 0.00 | Ni3P |
| Nickelpicromerite | — | 2.22 | K2Ni(SO4)2·6H2O |
| Nickelschneebergite | — | 5.23 | BiNi2(AsO4)2(OH)·H2O |
| Nickelskutterudite | — | 6.50 | NiAs3-x |
| Nickeltalmessite | — | 3.74 | Ca2Ni(AsO4)2·2H2O |
| Nickeltsumcorite | — | 5.02 | Pb(Ni,Fe3+)2(AsO4)2(H2O,OH)2 |
| Nickelzippeite | — | 4.30 | Ni2(UO2)6(SO4)3(OH)10·16H2O |
| Nimite | — | 3.19 | (Ni,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Nisbite | — | 8.00 | NiSb2 |
| Nisnite | — | 9.41 | Ni3Sn |
| Nullaginite | — | 3.56 | Ni2CO3(OH)2 |
| Nuwaite | — | 0.00 | Ni6GeS2 |
| Nybøite | — | 3.12 | NaNa2(Mg3Al2)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| Omsite | — | 3.38 | (Ni,Cu)2Fe3+(OH)6[Sb(OH)6] |
| Orcelite | — | 7.50 | Ni5-xAs2 (x=0.23) |
| Oregonite | — | 6.92 | FeNi2As2 |
| Otwayite | — | 3.41 | Ni2CO3(OH)2·H2O |
| Owensite | — | 4.78 | (Ba,Pb)6(Cu1+,Fe,Ni)25S27 |
| Paganoite | — | 0.00 | NiBi3+OAsO4 |
| Pakhomovskyite | — | 2.71 | Co3(PO4)2·8H2O |
| Paraotwayite | — | 3.30 | Ni(OH)2-x(SO4,CO3)0.5x |
| Pararammelsbergite | — | 7.20 | NiAs2 |
| Paratacamite-(Ni) | — | 3.74 | Cu3(Ni,Cu)Cl2(OH)6 |
| Parkerite | — | 8.50 | Ni3(Bi,Pb)2S2 |
| Pecoraite | — | 3.84 | Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Penroseite | — | 6.58 | NiSe2 |
| Pentlandite | — | 4.60 | (Ni,Fe)9S8 |
| Perryite | — | 7.00 | (Ni,Fe)8(Si,P)3 |
| Petewilliamsite | — | 4.90 | (Ni,Co)30(As2O7)15 |
| Polydymite | — | 4.50 | Ni3S4 |
| Rammelsbergite | — | 7.10 | NiAs2 |
| Rappoldite | — | 0.00 | PbCo2(AsO4)2·2H2O |
| Rauchite | — | 3.43 | Ni(UO2)2(AsO4)2·10H2O |
| Redingtonite | — | 1.76 | Fe2+Cr2(SO4)4·22H2O |
| Reevesite | — | 2.80 | Ni6Fe3+2CO3(OH)16·4H2O |
| Retgersite | — | 2.07 | NiSO4·6H2O |
| Roaldite | — | 7.21 | (Fe,Ni)4N |
| Ruthenarsenite | — | 10.00 | (Ru,Ni)As |
| Samaniite | — | 4.89 | Cu2Fe5Ni2S8 |
| Scheuchzerite | — | 3.47 | NaMn2+9Si9V5+O28(OH)4 |
| Schneebergite | — | 5.28 | BiCo2(AsO4)2(OH)·H2O |
| Schreibersite | — | 7.00 | (Fe,Ni,Cr)3P |
| Sederholmite | — | 7.00 | NiSe |
| Seinäjokite | — | 0.00 | FeSb2 |
| Shandite | — | 8.72 | Pb2Ni3S2 |
| Siegenite | — | 4.50 | CoNi2S4 |
| Skutterudite | — | 6.50 | (Co,Ni,Fe)As3 |
| Smythite | — | 4.32 | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x = 0 to 0.3) |
| Sudburyite | — | 9.00 | PdSb |
| Suessite | — | 7.08 | Fe3Si |
| Sugakiite | — | 0.00 | Cu(Fe,Ni)8S8 |
| Szymanskiite | — | 4.00 | Hg16Ni6(CO3)12(OH)12(H3O)8·3H2O |
| Taenite | — | 7.80 | (Ni,Fe) |
| Takovite | — | 2.80 | Ni6Al2CO3(OH)16·4H2O |
| Talnakhite | — | 4.29 | Cu9Fe8S16 |
| Tellurohauchecornite | — | 6.00 | Ni9BiTeS8 |
| Tetrataenite | — | 8.28 | FeNi |
| Thalfenisite | — | 5.26 | Tl6(Fe,Ni)25S26Cl |
| Theophrastite | — | 4.00 | Ni(OH)2 |
| Thérèsemagnanite | — | 2.52 | NaCo4(SO4)(OH)6Cl·6H2O |
| Transjordanite | — | 0.00 | Ni2P |
| Trevorite | — | 5.17 | NiFe3+2O4 |
| Trüstedtite | — | 6.00 | Ni3Se4 |
| Tucekite | — | 6.00 | Ni9Sb2S8 |
| Tyrrellite | — | 6.00 | (Co,Cu,Ni)3Se4 |
| Ullmannite | — | 6.65 | NiSbS |
| Vaesite | — | 4.45 | NiS2 |
| Vavrínite | — | 7.79 | Ni2SbTe2 |
| Villamanínite | — | 4.52 | CuS2 |
| Violarite | — | 4.50 | Fe2+Ni3+2S4 |
| Vozhminite | — | 6.20 | Ni4AsS2 |
| Vysotskite | — | 6.69 | (Pd,Ni)S |
| Westerveldite | — | 8.00 | FeAs |
| Widgiemoolthalite | — | 3.13 | Ni5(CO3)4(OH)2·4-5H2O |
| Wilkmanite | — | 6.00 | Ni3Se4 |
| Willemseite | — | 3.31 | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Willyamite | — | 6.76 | CoSbS |
| Wupatkiite | — | 1.87 | CoAl2(SO4)4·22H2O |
| Xanthiosite | — | 5.37 | Ni3(AsO4)2 |
| Yarlongite | — | 7.19 | Cr4Fe4NiC4 |
| Zaccariniite | — | 0.00 | RhNiAs |
| Zaratite | — | 2.60 | Ni3CO3(OH)4·4H2O |
| Zlatogorite | — | 8.21 | CuNiSb2 |